Cognitive decline refers to a gradual worsening of mental functions like memory, language, thinking, judgment, and problem solving. It is a normal part of the aging process, but can be accelerated by certain medical conditions.
As we get older, changes occur in the brain that can cause cognitive abilities to slowly decline over time. This includes:
- Memory loss - Forgetting recent events or conversations is common. Names, words, or where you placed objects can slip your mind more easily.
- Slower thinking - It may take longer to learn new things or solve problems. Focusing, planning, organizing your thoughts, or following conversations can get harder.
- Difficulty finding words - You might have a word "on the tip of your tongue" more often. Recalling vocabulary can take more effort.
- Worse judgment - Making sound decisions about your health, finances, or social situations grows more challenging.
- Problems understanding visual information - Interpreting charts, maps, or even distances when driving can be affected.
What causes cognitive decline?
Normal aging leads to atrophy (shrinking) of brain tissue. Nerve cell connections may not transmit signals as rapidly. Neurochemical balances shift. Blood flow is reduced. These changes gradually disrupt cognition.
However, some factors accelerate cognitive problems:
- Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's
- Vascular contributions (high blood pressure, heart disease)
- Traumatic brain injury
- Heavy alcohol use
- No physical, mental or social activity
Can we prevent or slow cognitive decline?
While we can't stop normal aging, leading a brain-healthy lifestyle can delay onset of cognitive impairment and reduce impacts. Good ways to maintain cognitive health include:
- Aerobic exercise and activity
- Learning new skills (languages, instrument, puzzles)
- Engaging socially
- Managing health factors like diabetes, obesity, hypertension
- Eating a Mediterranean-style diet high in veggies, fish and olive oil
- Some evidence suggests supplements like omega-3s and antioxidants
If you notice cognitive slippage in yourself or a loved one, consult a doctor at Harmony Health. While some decline is expected, it can sometimes indicate a fixable condition like nutrient deficiency, sleep apnea or depression. There are also medications to manage symptoms of Alzheimer's and dementia. Seeking help sooner allows earlier intervention to retain cognitive function.